COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST ATRACTION FACILITIES : A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The active role of the local community is a key foundation for long-term tourism success, especially in the management of facilities at tourist destinations. However, generally, the level of community participation is still in the moderate category (around 60%) or "fairly good" (around 55%) , where involvement tends to focus on activities that provide direct economic impact. This gap is important to address because it can hinder the economic sustainability of the local community as well as the management of tourist attraction facilities. The objective of this research is to understand community participation in the management of a tourist attraction facility through a review of literature findings from previous research, as well as answering the research problem formulation regarding how community participation is carried out in the field. This study uses a literature review approach by analyzing 25 scientific articles published in the period 2020–2025 selected from Google Scholar. The article data was analyzed using the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristic, Method) analysis to identify the main patterns related to community participation in the management of tourist attraction facilities. The review confirms that local community involvement is key to achieving tourism sustainability. The research is dominated by Community Based Tourism (CBT) and Sustainable Tourism theories, positioning the community as the main actor in management. Management success highly depends on the utilization of authentic local potential and formal institutional support such as BUMDES (Village-Owned Enterprises). The characteristics of management highlight facilities based on interactive experiences and conservation operated by local HR (local champions). Although the dominant method is descriptive qualitative, participation is found to still be low, with the main constraints being the lack of community knowledge related to tourism and limited government support. It is important for the government to act as a facilitator through appropriate training and education, in order to overcome the existing challenges and increase active community participation for sustainable community-based tourist attraction management.