A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF TRI HITA KARANA IN EDUCATIONAL GLOCALIZATION: TOWARD ETHICAL CULTURAL COMMODIFICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25078/vidyottama.v10i1.5716Abstract
This study examines the repositioning of Tri Hita Karana (THK) within the context of educational glocalization in Bali. Previous studies have predominantly treated THK as a normative and ceremonial value system, with limited attention to its potential as a strategic epistemic and educational framework. Using a qualitative conceptual approach based on documentary analysis and a critical interpretive perspective, this study aims to develop a conceptual model of THK implementation in educational glocalization and to explore how ethical cultural commodification may function as a strategy for cultural empowerment rather than mere commercialization. The study develops a three layer conceptual model consisting of: (1) a value foundation layer that positions THK as the ontological and epistemic basis of education; (2) an educational transformation layer that conceptualizes glocalization as a mechanism for integrating local values into curriculum, pedagogy, and cross-cultural learning processes; and (3) an empowerment and cultural bargaining layer that frames education as a space for cultural diplomacy, community collaboration, and ethically grounded cultural commodification. These layers are operationalized into six strategic phases, including institutional legitimation, value internalization, cross-cultural negotiation, curriculum glocalization, cultural dissemination, and value-based commodification. The findings indicate that THK can function not only as a framework for cultural preservation but also as strategic cultural capital capable of strengthening educational identity, cultural agency, and local-global negotiation within contemporary education. The study contributes a conceptual framework that repositions THK from a symbolic cultural philosophy into a dynamic educational model relevant to multicultural and globalized learning environments.
References
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Bourdieu, P. (2018). The forms of capital. The Sociology of Economic Life, Third Edition, 78–92. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494338
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Chou, F. C., Hsiao, C. T., Yang, C. W., & Frank, J. R. (2022). “Glocalization” in medical education: A framework underlying implementing CBME in a local context. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 121(8), 1523–1531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2021.10.024
Divayana, D. G. H., Sudirtha, I. G., & Gading, I. K. (2020). Application design of countenance evaluation based on Tri Hita Karana-Aneka for evaluating the students’ computer capability and students’ character. Cogent Psychology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1773095
INDRIANTO, A. T. (2005). the Commodification of Culture in Bali in the Frame of Cultural Tourism. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, 4(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2005.4.2.05
Johnston, M. P. (2014). Secondary Data Analysis : A Method of which the Time Has Come. Qualitatve and Quantative Methods in Libraryes (QQML), 3, 619–626.
Karpov, A. O. (2013). The Commodification of Education. Russian Education & Society, 55(5), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-9393550506
Kemdikbudasmen. (2025). Pembelajaran Mendalam Menuju Pendidikan Bermutu untuk Semua. In Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia.
Kim, J. (2016). Global cultural capital and global positional competition: international graduate students’ transnational occupational trajectories. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(1), 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2015.1096189
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Sage Publications.
Kumara, D. G. A. G., Sutajaya, I. M., & Suja, I. W. (2025). Integrasi Nilai Tri Hita Karana Dalam Pembelajaran Reading Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa. Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP), 15(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.36733/jsp.v15i1.10685
Parwati, N. N., Suparta, I. N., & Mariawan, I. M. (2017). The Impacts of Tri Hita Karana - Based Educational Tourism. 134(Icirad), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.2991/icirad-17.2017.3
Parwati, N. N., & Trianasari, T. (2016). Educational Tourism Based on Tri Hita Karana in Mengesta in Bali. Binus Business Review, 7(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v7i3.1815
Patel, F. (2017). Deconstructing internationalization: Advocating glocalization in international higher education. Journal of International and Global Studies, 8(2), 64–82. https://doi.org/10.62608/2158-0669.1349
Pitana, I. (2010). Tri Hita Karana – The Local Wisdom of the Balinese in Managing Development. 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10829-7_18
Pramerta, I. G. P. A. (2023). Tri Hita Karana in Education Context: a Literature Review. Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP), 13(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.36733/jsp.v13i1.6024
Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Kepariwisataan Budaya Bali, (2012).
Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 7 Tahun 2023 tentang Kontribusi Pelindungan Kebudayaan dan Lingkungan Alam Bali dari Sumber Lain yang Sah dan Tidak Mengikat, (2023).
Ristanti, A. (2024). Integrasi Filsafat Pendidikan dan Budaya Global Menuju Pendidikan Berkelanjutan. Indonesian Journal of Education and Development Research, 3(1), 624–628. https://doi.org/10.57235/ijedr.v3i1.4830
Sahar, A. N., Suastra, I. W., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2024). REVITALISASI KEBUDAYAAN MELALUI ETNOPEDAGOGI: INTEGRASI NILAI TRI HITA KARANA DALAM PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI BALI. 2, 971–978.
Satria, R., Adiprima, P., Wulan, K. S., & Harjatanaya, T. Y. (2024). Panduan Pengembangan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Edisi Revisi. PANDUAN PENGEMBANGAN Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. https://guru.kemendikdasmen.go.id/dokumen/AOyDO10XLk?parentCategory=Pendidikan Karakter
Selamet, N. K., Suja, I. W., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2025). Dari Pura Ke Kelas: Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Tri Hita Karana dalam Transformasi Pendidikan. Journal of Education Action Research, 9(2), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v9i2.89917
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Suryawan, I. P. P., Sutajaya, I. M., & Suja, I. W. (2022). Tri Hita Karana sebagai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Karakter Tri Hita Karana sebagai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Karakter (Tri Hita Karana as the local wisdom in the development of character education). Jurnal Pendidikan Multikultural Indonesia, 5(2), 50–65.
Teng, Y., & Cosier, M. E. (2024). Influences of cultural capital and internationalization on global competence in higher education: a systematic literature review. Frontiers in Education, 9(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1397642
Tolgfors, B., & Barker, D. (2023). The glocalization of physical education assessment discourse. Sport, Education and Society, 28(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2021.1967923
UNESCO. (2024). Framework for Culture and Arts Education. Adopted at the World Conference on Culture and Arts Education 2024. January, 1–10. https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/02/WCCAE_UNESCO Framework_EN_0.pdf
Wahyudin, D., Subkhan, E., Malik, A., Hakim, M. A., Sudiapermana, E., LeliAlhapip, M., Nur Rofika Ayu Shinta Amalia, L. S., Ali, N. B. V., & Krisna, F. N. (2024). Kajian Akademik Kurikulum Merdeka. In Kemendikbud.
Widhiasthini, N. W., Yanti, N. K. W., Subawa, N. S., Baykal, E., Budiana, I. N., Utami, M. S. M., & Subanda, I. N. (n.d.). Pentahelix model and Tri Hita Karana for Bali sustainable tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 0(0), 14673584251340046. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584251340046
Wirawan, P. E., & Rosalina, P. D. (2024). Enhancing Cultural Heritage Tourism Through a Spiritual Knowledge: The Implementation of Tri Hita Karana in Taro Village Gianyar Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 14(1), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2024.v14.i01.p10
Zhang, L., Wei, W., Fan, A., Milman, A., & King, B. E. M. (2025). Cultural sustainability in hospitality and tourism: toward a holistic framework. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(13), 20–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2024-1551
