Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies

SOCIO-THEO-ANTHROPOLOGICAL CAPITAL IN BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REILIGOUS PEOPLE IN MEDOWO KEDIRI

Budi Ichwayudi, Hasan Mahfudz — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Humans as social beings, cannot live life independently, need the participation of others in living life in society. Diverse social life requires individuals to be able to adapt in society, therefore social harmony -religion- becomes a necessity that must be carried out in the midst of a heterogeneous society. This study seeks to examine more deeply about the various modalities in building religious harmony in society, in this case the Medowo community. This study uses a qualitative approach, namely by conducting interviews, observations and direct documentation of the practice of religious social life in Medowo. The results show that the community has several capitals in building religious harmony, including anthropological or cultural capital, sociological capital and theological capital.

AXIOLOGY OF YOGA IN THE SCRIPTURE OF GHERANDA SAMHITA

I Gusti Made Widya Sena, Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana, I Komang Suastika Arimbawa — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The background of this research is that apart from interpreting the verses related to God and yoga practice contextually, it also aims to analyze the axiology of yoga in the Gheranda Samhita scripture so that the knowledge obtained by academics and yoga practitioners is more comprehensive. Axiology in terms of terms is a study related to the theory of value or the study of everything that can be valuable or provide benefits. One scripture that can be used as a reference to get the value or benefits of yoga is the Gheranda Samhita. Through qualitative descriptive methods, using hermeneutic theory, this research found the following findings: First, Yoga ethics as described in the Gheranda Samhita scripture; Second, Seven exercise as a form of seven yoga practises; Third, Ahara yoga as a form of healthy food consumption; Fourth, Asana, as a body form in doing yoga by doing 32 asana poses; Fifth, Mudra, is another term for the mystical movements of the two hands; Sixth, Pratyahara-Pranayama and Seventh, Dhyana-Samadhi. These seven axiological values of yoga are found in the Gheranda Samhita scripture to help a person achieve physical fitness, mental balance and spiritual awareness.

INTEGRATION OF PUTRIKĀ AND SENTANA RAJEG IN BALINESE CUSTOMARY INHERITANCE LAW: A GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE

I Gusti Ayu Jatiana Manik Wedanti, I Gusti Ngurah Sudiana, I Made Dian Saputra — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This article explores the intersection of the putrikā provision in Hindu law and the sentana rajeg practice in Balinese customary law through the lens of gender equality in inheritance. Putrikā, as articulated in the Manava Dharmasastra, legitimizes the appointment of daughters as heirs in the absence of sons, preserving both lineage (gotra) and religious duties. Likewise, sentana rajeg enables daughters to assume hereditary roles within Balinese adat, including through nyentana marriages. This study applies a normative legal methodology incorporating conceptual, historical, and statutory approaches. It finds that both legal traditions, despite their patriarchal foundations, contain adaptive mechanisms that acknowledge female inheritance under certain conditions. These mechanisms reflect a legal pragmatism oriented toward maintaining familial and spiritual obligations. From a modern human rights perspective, these customary norms require reinterpretation to align with principles of substantive gender equality. Strengthening women’s inheritance rights not only promotes justice within traditional societies but also reinforces the legitimacy and adaptability of customary law in a globalized context. The article argues for collaborative legal reform involving customary authorities, state institutions, scholars, and civil society to create inclusive, equitable inheritance frameworks that respect both tradition and contemporary gender norms.

THE ACTUALISATION OF RĀMĀYAṆA'S ASTA BRATA LEADERSHIP TEACHINGS IN EDUCATION AND THE GLOBALIZATION ERA

Ni Ketut Srie Kusuma Wardhani, Gusti Ayu Agung Riesa Mahedradhani — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The Ramayana, a revered Hindu epic, offers profound insights into leadership through its Asta Brata principles. These principles, rooted in moral and spiritual values, outline essential qualities for effective leadership. Sri Rama, depicted as an avatar of Vishnu and an exemplary leader, embodies virtues such as truth, righteousness, humility, and courage. Asta Brata emphasizes key aspects of leadership. Economic empowerment ensures leaders promote the material well-being of their followers while maintaining fairness and justice. Empathetic leadership encourages seeing followers as cultured individuals deserving spiritual fulfillment, not just subordinates. Steadfastness (Bayu Brata) in principles and empathy towards followers' struggles are crucial. Knowledge excellence (Casi Brata) stresses leaders' need for superior understanding to guide communities effectively. Inspirational motivation (Agni Brata) ignites dedication among followers towards collective goals. In today's globalized world, these teachings remain relevant. They provide a timeless framework for ethical leadership in education and organizational management. Integrating Asta Brata principles enables leaders to foster societal progress while preserving moral and spiritual values amidst technological advancements. Overall, Asta Brata from the Ramayana guides leadership excellence with integrity and wisdom. It serves as a beacon for navigating contemporary challenges, contributing to holistic community and national development. Thus, embracing these principles ensures leaders not only lead effectively but also inspire and empower others towards collective prosperity and well-being.

THE ROLE OF PASIMPANGAN IDA RATU GEDE MAS MACALING IN BALINESE RITUAL CULTURE AT BANJAR TINGAS BADUNG REGENCY

Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The Pasimpangan Ida Ratu Gede Mas Macaling temple, located at Banjar Tingas, Mekar Bhuwana Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, is one of the temples that has a rich meaning and history in the context of Balinese culture. This temple is dedicated to honoring and worshipping Ida Ratu Gede Mas Macaling, a respected figure in Balinese society. In this study, we conduct an in-depth study of the history and cultural role of the Pasimpangan Ida Ratu Gede Mas Macaling Temple in the lives of Balinese people. The research methods used include literature study, field observation, and interviews with local community leaders, and the mangku of the Pasimpangan Ida Ratu Gede Mas Macaling Temple. Our findings indicate that the Pasimpangan Ida Ratu Gede Mas Macaling Templehas a significant role in maintaining Balinese traditions and cultural values. This study is expected to provide deeper insight into the importance of preserving Bali's rich cultural heritage.

INTERNALIZING THE MORAL PRINCIPLES OF RAMAYANA’S SCRIPTURE TO PREVENT THE POP CULTURE’S IMPACT

I Made Arsa Wiguna, Putu Sanjaya, I Gusti Made Widya Sena — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research is a text study of the Ramayana’s scripture to identify and analyze the moral principles in it in regards to prevent the pop culture’s impact. The method used in this paper is close reading and content analysis. Popular culture influences the mindset, habits and moral behavior of society. Pragmatic, hedonistic, consumerist behaviors, and fear of missing out are symptoms of addiction to popular culture. The trend of self-destruction seems more interesting than the trend of building self-quality. The massive spread of popular culture through social media and other social platforms needs to be anticipated, one of which can be done through the integration of moral values as a learning materials in school sourced from religious teachings. Ramayana’s scripture, which contains many moral teachings, can be a universal reference in preventing the negative impacts of popular culture. The moral principles in question are the principles of good attitudes, justice and respect for ourself. Apart from that, strong moral personality attitudes include honesty, authentic values, willingness to take responsibility, moral independence, moral courage, humility, being realistic and critical. These moral principles are found in most of the kanda, and should be actualize as a filtration of popular culture's impact.

OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTING MERDEKA CURRICULUM IN HINDU EDUCATION: A CIPP STUDY IN DENPASAR SCHOOLS

Ni Made Muliani, Ida Ayu Gde Yadnyawati, Ni Made Indiani — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study aims to evaluate the obstacles faced in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the learning of Hindu Religious Education and character education for class X students in State Senior High Schools throughout Denpasar City, reviewed from the dimensions of context, input, process, and product. This study uses an evaluative approach with the CIPP model. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. For the results of the study in the form of internal and external obstacles faced by students in implementing the Merdeka curriculum in Hindu religious and character education, it shows that more students do not experience obstacles in the three research locations. The conclusion in this study is that the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in Hindu religious and moral learning both in SMA N 1, SMA N 4 and SMA N 7 Denpasar is effective and only a few students experience obstacles. The findings are factual and theoretical findings.

BEYOND GRIEF AND ANGER: A REVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLE OF ANTARAXIA IN RĀMĀYAṆA SPIRITUALITY

I Komang Suastika Arimbawa — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The concept of antaraxia has deep relevance in Hindu spirituality, especially in the teachings of the Rāmāyaṇa. This epic describes how the principle of inner peace can be achieved through the path of bhakti, which is total surrender to God. This study analyzes how the spiritual values in the Rāmāyaṇa, especially through the characters of Rāma, Sītā, Bharata, and Hanuman. These characters represent the seek for inner peace amidst life's suffering and challenges. In the context of Hindu philosophy, the teachings of bhakti not only function as a means of achieving moksa, but also as a solution to the existential problems of modern humans filled with anxiety and conflict. This study uses a qualitative approach with text analysis of the primary sources of the Rāmāyaṇa and various interpretations from classical and modern Hindu literature. The results of this study indicate that the teachings of bhakti in the Rāmāyaṇa can provide deep insights into how to achieve inner balance and face the challenges of contemporary life. Thus, the legacy of Hindu philosophy remains relevant to respond human spiritual problems in the modern era.

TRI HITA KARANA IN THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN ECONOMY TO ENHANCE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MSMES

TM Kusuma, NW Deriani — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Concept of the green economy as a strategy to enhance the competitiveness of MSMEs in Bali. Tri Hita Karana, which encompasses a harmonious relationship between humans and God, humans with fellow humans, and humans with the environment, serves as a foundation for creating sustainable business practices based on local values. The research method used is a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews of MSME actors, as well as observations of the application of these principles in business operations. Additionally, a quantitative approach is employed using multiple linear regression analysis. Data were collected through a survey of 100 MSME actors in Bali who have implemented the principles of Tri Hita Karana. The analysis results indicate that the application of Tri Hita Karana and the green economy model significantly positively affects the competitiveness of MSMEs. Specifically, these practices improve product differentiation, enhance customer trust, and support long-term business sustainability, thereby strengthening the market position of MSMEs in the face of regional and global competition.

LIVING WITH TRAUMA: AN INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A HINDU’S RESILIENCE AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS IN SIGI BIROMARU

Otniel Aurelius Nole — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The natural disasters that struck the Sigi Biromaru area resulted in PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), as experienced by a Hindu survivor. Nevertheless, he organised resilience that focused on emotional and spiritual concerns. This research aimed to investigate a Hindu survivor’s resilience after natural disasters in Sigi Biromaru. Based on qualitative methods utilised the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, this research identified three main themes: traumatic experiences, emotional resilience, and spiritual resilience. The research evidenced that the participant has emotional and spiritual resilience as a foundation for overcoming trauma. Emotional resilience is when the survivor can deal with traumatic experiences by developing skills that support emotional balance, such as engaging in positive activities, pursuing hobbies and maintaining a healthy mindset. In addition, spiritual resilience, such as belief in God, praying and giving alms, is important in strengthening theological, psychological and sociological balance. Ultimately, this research contributes to an understanding of the strength of emotional and spiritual resilience that plays a role in shaping the spirit to survive and continue life of an individual who is still experiencing trauma, as well as its implications in the context of handling trauma after natural disasters.

CONSTRUCTIVE LEADERSHIP IN REGIONAL GOVERNANCE: INSIGHTS FROM ASTA BRATA TEACHINGS IN GIANYAR DISTRICT

I Ketut Pasek Lanang Sadia, I Nengah Lestawi, I Wayan Wastawa — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This article explores constructive leadership in the regional governance of Gianyar Regency, inspired by the Asta Brata teachings—eight Hindu leadership principles symbolizing cosmic powers such as the sun, moon, and wind. It examines how the Regent of Gianyar (2018–2023) embodied these values in public policy, citizen services, and participatory, sustainable development. A qualitative ethnographic approach was employed to explore the philosophical and social dimensions of Hindu leadership. Findings reveal that applying Asta Brata fosters visionary, ethical, and welfare-oriented leadership. Core values such as justice (Yama), generosity (Kuwera), and spiritual motivation (Agni) are evident in infrastructure development, education, health services, and community empowerment. The study concludes that Asta Brata remains relevant in modern governance as a philosophical and ethical foundation, particularly in the context of decentralized regional leadership.

EXPLORING PURA AGUNG GIRI NATHA AS THE BALI OF CENTRAL JAVA

Puji Lestari Nata, Nina Mistriani — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study aims to explore and analyze the tourist attractions of Pura Agung Giri Natha which is known as the "Bali of Central Java" with a focus on the aspects of religious, architectural and potential development as a tourism destination. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation, in-depth interviews with temple administrators, community leaders, and tourists, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that Pura Agung Giri Natha has a unique architecture that combines Balinese style with Javanese nuances, religious rituals that are still maintained, and captivating natural scenery. This temple not only functions as a place of worship but also has the potential as a religious and cultural tourism destination that can enrich the tourism treasures of Central Java. This study provides a new contribution to the development of religious tourism by identifying a temple management model that can maintain sacred values while accommodating tourism activities. The conclusion of the study shows the need for a sustainable development strategy by involving stakeholders to optimize tourism potential while maintaining the sanctity and sustainability of the temple.

THE INFLUENCE OF PRINCIPAL SUPERVISION, MASTERY OF TECHNOLOGY, AND TEACHER WORK MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HINDU RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Gusti Ayu Suasthi, I Ketut Winantra, Ida Ayu Gede Yadnyawati — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Changes in teaching systems and methods are the root of the problem in the performance. There is still no significant improvement in teacher performance, so there is a need for a study of the performance of Hindu religious education and moral education teachers in Tabanan Regency. Methods: This research is a type of quantitative research by distributing questionnaires in the form of questionnaires and google form, which was given to Hindu religious education and moral education teachers at junior high schools in Tabanan Regency. Finding: From the research results, data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program in processing, questionnaire trial data and descriptive analysis of each variable item, and using SEM PLS analysis, to find the direct and indirect influence of the three independent variables on teacher performance. Conclusion: 1) The principal's supervision influences performance. (2) Mastery of technology has a positive effect on teacher performance. (3) Teacher work motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. (4) Mastery of technology has an indirect influence on teacher performance. So it can be concluded that the three variables can also be explained as having simultaneous influence.

THE SIAT YEH TRADITION IN THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF JIMBARAN BADUNG REGENCY

I Wayan Sukabawa, Ni Gusti Ayu Kartika — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The Siat Yeh tradition is a cultural heritage rich in local wisdom values in the Jimbaran Traditional Village, Badung Regency. This village is unique in carrying out a traditional ceremony called Siat Yeh, a spiritual ritual that involves the community together. This ceremony was held as a form of gratitude to Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa for the blessings and abundance given to the village. Apart from the religious aspect, Siat Yeh also has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of local culture. The younger generation is actively involved in carrying out this ceremony, observing and practicing the noble values inherited from their ancestors. Through Siat Yeh, Jimbaran Traditional Village is able to maintain its cultural identity amidst the ever-growing flow of modernization. This research aims to document and analyze in more depth the meaning and role of the Siat Yeh Tradition in the lives of the people of Jimbaran Traditional Village. Through a qualitative approach, this research will reveal the cultural values, philosophy and social impacts of implementing Siat Yeh. It is hoped that the research results can make a positive contribution to our understanding of cultural diversity in Indonesia and efforts to preserve local traditions amidst globalization.

SELF-TRANSFORMATION TOWARDS DIVINE CONSCIOUSNESS ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF TATTWA SANGKANING DADI JANMA

Prasanthy Devi Maheswari, Relin D.E., I Made Surada — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0200

There is a phase where humans begin to want to learn knowledge about divinity. At first, humans will begin to ask who they are, why they were born, what their purpose in life is and where they will go after completing their life? Humans will begin to feel that a human being is not actually a material body, but rather has power as a source of life within. A human being who wants to know the true nature of the self should go through a transformation process. This research uses the Tattwa Sangkaning Dadi Janma text as a research object and is also supported by other related research. This type of research is qualitative using literature review techniques including reference books, articles in scientific journals and online data searches to collect data. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed through interpretation with hermeneutical theory, and then determines conclusions. Then the results of this research are presented systematically in the form of a narrative. The awakening of divine consciousness will lead a person to a transformation process to know the true self, which in this research is by realizing that everything comes from God, realizing the essence of being a human, then by carrying out yoga as a path of transformation from ordinary consciousness to higher consciousness and finding the true self.