Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies

HOLISTIC PARENTING COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR CULTIVATING SUPUTRA VALUES IN CHILDREN’S CHARACTER

Untung Suhardi — 2025-10-31

Family life is the main concern to mold the next generation and the future of the family. The existence of the family is sometimes hampered due to parenting and communication that is not done properly in the family. The subject of this problem discusses the parenting style of children in family life and communication strategies to form children who are suputra. The method used in this study is qualitative analysis with a phenomenological approach and a relational dialectic analysis knife. The findings of this study are the types of (a) authoritarian parenting, (b) democratic parenting, (c) permissive parenting, (d) situational parenting. The parenting style applied by parents has a profound impact on the formation of their children's character. The approach to relational dialectics emphasizes the importance of open and constructive dialogue between parents and children. Parents are not only the authority that gives orders, but also partners in the learning process and growth of their children. Parents can help children develop problem-solving and decision-making skills that are essential for facing life's challenges. The education provided by parents to children should be oriented to the needs of children as biopsychosocial-religious beings and use methods that are in accordance with the development of children, both their physical-biological development, their psychological development, social development and the development of their religiosity. Communication strategies that can be built are Setting a Positive Example, Talking About Moral Values, Giving Praise and Reward, Gently Giving Direction and Correction, Talking About the Consequences of Actions, Setting Clear Rules and Boundaries, and Making Time for Family Quality.

TECHNIQUES FOR OVERCOMING THE FEAR OF DEATH ACCORDING TO BUDDHISM

Lauw Acep — 2025-10-31

The fear of death is a fundamental existential issue that has been widely discussed in psychology, philosophy, and religious studies. This dissertation explores the phenomenon of death anxiety from the perspective of Buddhism, which offers a unique approach to understanding and overcoming the fear of death. Using a qualitative methodology, data was collected through in-depth interviews with 108 students from Nalanda Institute who study textual analysis of Buddhist scriptures, including the Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma, and Visuddhimagga. The research findings indicate that the fear of death in Buddhism is primarily rooted in attachment (tanha) and ignorance (avijja), which lead to suffering (dukkha). However, through practices such as mindfulness (sati), insight meditation (vipassana), and the cultivation of wisdom (panna), individuals can gain a deeper understanding of impermanence (anicca), thereby reducing their anxiety about death. Additionally, Buddhist concepts such as death, karma, and their implications in overcoming the fear of death play a crucial role in shaping attitudes toward mortality. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of meditation practices, the application of the Noble Eightfold Path found in the Sutta Pitaka, as well as an understanding of the nature of the mind as explained in the Abhidhamma and the path of purification (Visuddhimagga). With consistent practice, one can attain a state of inner peace in facing death.

THE EXISTENCE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN THE STATE CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

I Gusti Ngurah Sudiana — 2025-10-31

This study aims to analyze the existence of the Traditional Village in the Provincial Government of Bali. This research was conducted in two districts in Bali, namely Bangli and Karangasem. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Based on the research conducted, it was found that, the differences in the structure of traditional village leaders can be described in two types, namely the traditional village version of the leadership structure of the Bali Aga traditional village and the version of the Balinese Majapahit traditional village. The Bali Aga traditional village referred to in this study is the Tenganan Pagringsingan Traditional Village, Manggis sub-district, Karangasem district, and the Batur Traditional Village, Kintamani Bangli, representing the Bali Aga Traditional Village. Meanwhile, the Kubu Traditional Village, Bangli District, Bangli Regency, and Karangasem Traditional Village, Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency, represent the Balinese Majapahit/apanage traditional village. Bali Aga traditional villages are found in the mountainous areas of the Bangli, Karangasem, Tabanan, and Singaraja districts. Regarding the term Bali Mula Traditional Village or Bali Aga, Balinese customary law experts still do not have an agreement as a unified word term for the name of the Traditional Village whether it is Bali Aga/Bali Mula, Bali Apanaga, and so on. In this research, the name used for the term Balinese Traditional Village as it is found in the area mentioned above is the Bali Aga Traditional Village. Meanwhile, villages other than Bali Aga Village are called Bali Apanaga.

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR HINDU RELIGIOUS COUNSELING IN DENPASAR CITY

Ni Gusti Ayu Kartika — 2025-10-31

Communication strategy is an essential aspect of Hindu religious counseling in Denpasar City. However, communication in Hindu religious counseling in Denpasar City often faces challenges due to the heterogeneity and diverse cultural characteristics of the counseling audience. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the communication strategies of Hindu religious counselors under the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Denpasar City, focusing on the planning, implementation, and implications of communication strategies in Hindu religious counseling. These three aspects are analyzed using the S-M-C-R communication model and the S-O-R theory. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The study results indicate that the planning of communication strategies in Hindu religious counseling revolves around key communication elements: the Hindu religious counselor as the source, the message delivered, the communication channel, the recipient, and the effect (response). The implementation of communication strategies in Hindu religious counseling in the field involves several key steps, such as preparing comprehensive materials before delivering the counseling, conveying the material clearly and accurately to the community, and providing justification and evaluation of the counseling materials presented.

TANTRIC SYMBOLISM AND ITS RELEVANCE IN HINDUISM: A STUDY OF CANDI SUKUH ON MOUNT LAWU

Sulastri — 2025-10-31

Candi Sukuh, located on the slopes of Mount Lawu, is a late Majapahit monument that prominently displays Tantric symbolism. Its terraced pyramid architecture, lingga–yoni reliefs, and erotic iconography reveal the dominance of Tantric teachings in the candi’s cosmological narrative. This study aims to examine the relevance of Tantra in Hinduism as embodied in the architecture, iconography, and symbolism of Candi Sukuh, while also uncovering its contribution to the enrichment of Hindu philosophy in the Indonesian archipelago. The method employed is qualitative-descriptive analysis with a literature review approach, utilizing studies in archaeology, history of religion, and Hindu philosophy. Data are drawn from journals, books, and prior research on Tantra and Candi Sukuh. The analysis indicates that the candi’s symbols are not merely erotic but represent the unity of body, cosmos, and spirit. The lingga–yoni reliefs emphasize the balance of masculine–feminine energies (Śiva–Śakti) sustaining the cosmos, where sexuality is understood as a sacred power leading toward mokṣa. The findings affirm Candi Sukuh as both a symbolic text and a philosophical heritage enriching the dynamics of Hindu thought in Java.

RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND SOCIAL RELATIONS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF HINDUS WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES IN SINGARAJA CITY

Ida Bagus Putu Eka Suadnyana — 2025-10-31

Religious pluralism in Indonesia is not only a sociological reality, but also a challenge in building inclusive and sustainable social relations. This article critically examines the dynamics of religious pluralism in the context of Hindu society in Singaraja City, North Bali, with a focus on the forms of social interaction between Hindus and other religious communities such as Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism. With a sociology of religion approach and the theoretical framework of Durkheim's functionalism, Blumer's symbolic interactionism, and Diana Eck's theological pluralism, this article offers a reflective reading of the practice of interfaith coexistence in urban social and cultural spaces. The results of the study show that Hindu society in Singaraja tends to internalize local wisdom values such as Tat Twam Asi , Tri Hita Karana , and the principle of desa kala patra as an ethical basis for establishing interfaith relations. The social relations formed are functional, both in the form of social cooperation, participation in interfaith activities, and involvement in formal forums such as FKUB. However, the ongoing pluralism still faces a number of challenges, including symbolic segregation, inequality of participation in political and social spaces, and interfaith dialogue that has not yet reached the grassroots level. This article argues that constructive pluralism demands more reflective, participatory, and equal social relations, not only through narratives of tolerance, but through strengthening inclusive social structures and recognizing diversity as social capital. Thus, the context of pluralism in Singaraja is not only relevant as an object of local study, but also as a micro model in understanding the dynamics of social integration and religious identity in Indonesia more broadly.

STRENGTHENING LOCAL WISDOM VALUES THROUGH P5 ACTIVITIES AT SD NEGERI HINDU 1 BONA

Ketut Manik Asta Jaya — 2025-10-31

This research aims to explore the efforts to strengthen local wisdom through the Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5) at SD Negeri Hindu 1 Bona. The study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research sample consists of 10 fifth- and sixth-grade students from SD Negeri Hindu 1 Bona and 5 teachers. The results indicate that the process of strengthening local wisdom through P5 activities begins with a diagnostic assessment of the students, followed by determining activities based on local wisdom themes, such as dharmagita, dance, and the creation of various religious ceremony tools. The implementation of P5 starts with the contextualization phase, which includes discussions of various information related to the project activities, followed by the action phase, which is conducted two to three times. The process is then continued with a reflection phase and follow-up. The conclusion is that P5 activities at SD Negeri Hindu 1 Bona are crucial for reinforcing the values of local wisdom, especially through activities integrated with Balinese culture. Each project is designed to develop students' potential while fostering a love for local culture.

WEAVING MEANING: LOCAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN REJANG WASTRA DANCE

I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini — 2025-10-31

This study investigates the local knowledge represented in the performance of the Rejang Wastra dance, which forms an integral part of Hindu religious ceremonies in Demulih village, Susut subdistrict, Bangli regency, Bali. Respected by the local community, this sacred dance embodies profound symbolic, functional, and philosophical meanings. Using a qualitative approach based on the exploration of traditional dance characteristics, the study reveals two main forms of local wisdom. The first finding shows that the dance represents the traditional market practice before ceremonies, symbolizing interdependence and ritual preparation. The second finding indicates that it illustrates stages of human life in Hindu philosophy, portraying a spiritual journey from birth to unity with the divine. Both meanings express the Balinese concept of Tri Hita Karana, emphasizing harmony among humans, God (Parahyangan), nature (Palemahan), and society (Pawongan). Overall, Rejang Wastra is not only a ritual dance but also a living medium that transmits local knowledge and ethical values, preserving cultural wisdom within Balinese society.

EDUCATIONAL DYNAMICS ON LEARNING HINDU RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 DENPASAR AND PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 DENPASAR

Ni Made Sri Uttami Dharmaningsih — 2025-10-31

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought major changes to the education sector, shifting the learning process from face-to-face instruction to online and later to limited face-to-face learning (PTMT). These changes demanded significant adaptation by schools, teachers, and students, particularly in maintaining learning quality under challenging conditions. Despite these obstacles, Public Junior High School 1 Denpasar and Public Junior High School 2 Denpasar demonstrated resilience and continued achievement, particularly in Hindu Religious Education and Ethics. This study aims to examine the implications of educational dynamics on the learning of Hindu Religious Education and Ethics in these two schools. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The analysis was grounded in McClelland's motivation theory. The results show that the educational dynamics have influenced three key aspects of student learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. These findings highlight how learning processes in both schools successfully adapted to challenges while still nurturing students’ academic abilities, character, and cultural-spiritual values.

MANAGEMENT OF BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS EDUCATION; CHALLENGES IN MAINTAINING THE EXISTENCE OF DHAMMASEKHA SCHOOL

widia darma — 2025-10-31

This study aims to determine the strategy in maintaining the existence of the Nava Dhammasekha Virya Guna school in Jepara Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study at Nava Dhammasekha Virya Guna School, Jepara Regency. Informants consist of the Head of the Foundation, the principal, one teacher, one education staff, one community leader and one representative of the student's parents. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and document studies. Data validity is in the form of credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability. Data analysis uses an interactive model. The challenges in maintaining the existence of the Nava Dhammasekha Virya Guna school can be seen from three current challenges such as; 1) The brand and image of the Dhammasekha school which is not yet strong in the community, 2) Limited segmentation and market, 3) Support from the community and stakeholders which is not yet optimal. This research will be useful for the Government, especially Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Buddha Kementerian Agama, Nava Dhammasekha School Organizers and Education Observers.

HINDU-BASED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: A MIXED-METHOD STUDY OF CREDIT VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS (LPDS) IN BALI

I Nyoman Bontot — 2025-10-31

This study explores the integration of Hindu ethical principles into the financial governance of Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) in Bali and its contribution to institutional sustainability. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research combines hermeneutic interpretation of sacred Hindu scriptures-Rgveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Bhagawad Gita, Sarasamuccaya, Manusmrti, and Arthasastra-with quantitative analysis of financial performance across 1.308 LPDs in nine regencies. Four core principles-Karma (ethical productivity), Dharma (social responsibility), Kama (motivational fulfillment), and Artha (material prosperity)-are operationalized within a holistic model of Hindu-based financial management. Empirical testing confirms are positive relationship between these principles and financial indicators such as profit margin, return on assets, and capital growth. The findings demonstrate that Hindu-based financial governance enhances accountability, strengthens community trust, improves leadership integrity, and promotes long-term business sustainability. This study provides a culturally grounded and ethically robust framework for developing resilient and inclusive community-based microfinance institutions in plural financial systems.

LEARNING DHARMA THROUGH NONFORMAL HINDU EDUCATION AMONG GENERATION Z IN DENPASAR CITY

Luh Dewi Pusparini — 2025-10-31

Non-formal Hindu education plays a vital role in imparting the values of dharma beyond the formal school environment, especially in the modern era marked by the challenges of globalization and digitalization. This article explores the relevance and urgency of non-formal Hindu education for Generation Z in Denpasar City in maintaining cultural identity while fostering strong character. Generation Z, raised in the digital age, often struggles to understand and apply spiritual and local cultural values in daily life. Through pasraman (Hindu religious schools), cultural arts activities, and community-based religious rituals, non-formal Hindu education serves as a bridge between tradition and modernity. This article also identifies how non-formal Hindu education can strengthen morality, ethics, and a sense of responsibility among young people, while encouraging their creativity in facing modern life challenges. This study is expected to serve as a reference for Hindu communities in Denpasar City to further develop adaptive non-formal educational approaches that meet the needs of Generation Z without abandoning the core values of dharma.

PASRAMAN PARENTAS AND INTERNALIZATION OF HINDU-KAHARINGAN MORAL VALUES AMONG STUDENTS IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY

Agung Adi — 2025-10-31

This study analyzes the internalization of character education based on Hindu and Kaharingan values at Pasraman Parentas, focusing on customs, ritual experiences, and teacher role models. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically. The findings reveal three pillars of character building: Hindu ethical education (tat twam asi and telu kapatut), reinforcement of values through rituals (Basarah, Tri Sandhya, Yoga), and teachers as role models. Character education here is not limited to cognition, but integrates cognition, emotion, and action. Habituation through social interaction, active participation in rituals, and teachers who serve as role models effectively foster honesty, self-control, loyalty, discipline, responsibility, and awareness of unity. This holistic and contextual model, which combines Hindu teachings and local Kaharingan wisdom, has proven effective in shaping students' moral and spiritual identities while remaining relevant in the context of multiculturalism and the challenges of globalization.

PHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL HEALTH IN HINDU RITUALS IN BALI

Ayu Dwita — 2025-10-31

Hindu rituals in Bali are not only religious in nature but also embody holistic health values, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. This study aims to examine the relationship between the practice of Balinese Hindu rituals and efforts to maintain and improve community health. The method employed is a qualitative approach through literature review and in-depth interviews with ritual practitioners and traditional healers. The findings reveal that rituals such as melukat (purification), usadha Bali (traditional healing), yoga, meditation, and Bhuta Yadnya function as means of self-purification, disease prevention, and energy restoration. Physically, the use of natural elements such as holy water, herbs, incense, and fire provides antiseptic, relaxation, and detoxification benefits. Spiritually, the rituals strengthen the individual’s relationship with God, ancestors, and nature, thus producing calming effects, reducing stress, and enhancing emotional balance. The concept of Tri Hita Karana serves as the philosophical foundation that integrates bodily, mental, and environmental health. These findings affirm that Balinese Hindu rituals hold significant relevance for contemporary holistic health concepts and have the potential to be developed as the basis for spiritual health tourism. Integration between traditional practices and modern medicine can further expand the benefits of rituals for both local and global communities.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION FOR VEDIC TEXT ANALYSIS: NLP APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF ṚG VEDA MANDALA 1 SUKTA 1

Eka Sura Adnyana — 2025-10-31

This research discusses the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology with a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach in the study of Hindu literature, especially in the text of Ṛgveda Mandala 1 Sukta 1. The analysis was conducted through the stages of tokenization, lemmatization, and topic modeling to identify keywords, frequency of occurrence, and main themes in the text. The results found four central themes: (1) ritual (yajña), (2) theological (Agni's role as an intermediary between humans and gods), (3) spiritual and material goals (ratna), and (4) cosmic order (ṛta). AI findings were then compared with traditional philological interpretations that emphasize philosophical meaning, symbolism, and historical context. The comparison results show that AI excels in speed, scale, and consistency of analysis, while traditional philology is stronger in providing depth of interpretation and understanding spiritual values. This study concludes that the integration of AI with the philological approach can result in a more comprehensive, rapid, and faithful study of the Vedas.