THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE PATUS TRADITION WITHIN PITRA YADNYA RITUALS IN KEDIRI, TABANAN, BALI

I Ketut Gunarta; Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana; I Nyoman Mandiasa Ardika Yasa; Ni Putu Kartini Prastika Dewi Ardika Yasa

Authors

I Ketut Gunarta Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
I Nyoman Mandiasa Ardika Yasa Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
Ni Putu Kartini Prastika Dewi Ardika Yasa Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of Patus, a traditional institution of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) in Kediri District, Tabanan, Bali, which provides material assistance for death ceremonies (Pitra Yadnya). The research is motivated by Patus’s vital role in mitigating the substantial economic burden of large-scale ceremonies, a function currently challenged by modernization and monetization. To address this phenomenon, this study analyzes the forms, underlying causal factors, and socioeconomic implications of the transformation within the Patus tradition. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was employed to capture the lived experiences and perspectives of community members and ritual actors. The findings indicate a significant shift in Patus from traditional contributions based on goods and labor toward the dominance of cash donations. This change is driven by economic monetization, demands for time efficiency, and the philosophical adaptation of desa, kala, patra (place, time, condition). The implications are complex: while monetization enhances logistical efficiency, it potentially erodes communal bonds (menyama braya), reduces spiritual meaning to financial calculation, and threatens the transmission of traditional ritual knowledge. Ultimately, Patus reflects a cultural adaptation dilemma, balancing modern efficiency with the preservation of Bali's core communal values.

References

Darmawan, I. P. (2018). Komodifikasi ritual keagamaan di Bali: Studi kasus upacara Yadnya. Jurnal Studi Agama, 15(1), 30-45.

Moleong, L. J. (2008). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Putra, I. M. D., & Santosa, I. P. A. (2020). Inovasi bisnis layanan ritual keagamaan berbasis digital di era milenial: Studi kasus di Bali. Jurnal Pariwisata Budaya, 5(3), 120-135.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Supartini, N. W. (2017). Pergeseran nilai gotong royong dalam upacara adat di Bali akibat modernisasi. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 7(1), 1-15.

Wibowo, A., & Handoko, B. (2021). Adopsi teknologi informasi dalam manajemen acara tradisional: Studi kasus efisiensi pencatatan keuangan upacara adat. Jurnal Sistem Informasi Manajemen, 8(2), 88-102.

Widyastuti, N. K. A. (2019). Dampak ekonomi dan sosial upacara Pitra Yadnya di era pariwisata massal di Bali. Jurnal Pariwisata Budaya, 4(2), 88-102.

Windia, I. G. A. (2017). Transformasi pola gotong royong dalam masyarakat adat Bali. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 6(1), 70-85.

Wirawan, I. M. (2016). Dilema modernisasi dan pelestarian budaya lokal: Studi kasus upacara adat di Bali. Jurnal Antropologi Budaya, 2(2), 70-85.