DIMENSI TATA KELOLA ADAT DALAM PARIWISATA BUDAYA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR KOMPARATIF ENAM KASUS DI INDONESIA
Keywords:
cultural tourism, customary governance, community-based tourismAbstract
Research on community-based cultural tourism in Indonesia is scattered across single-case studies, each using a different theoretical framework, which makes them difficult to compare even though they address a similar phenomenon: how customary (adat) authority governs cultural tourism in its territory. This article reads six case studies published between 2023 and 2025 side by side, each from a different cultural region: Kampung Naga (West Java), Cipancar Village (West Java), Pura Lingsar (West Lombok), Nagari Sijunjung (West Sumatra), Desa Adat Legian (Bali), and Kampung Saribu Gonjong (West Sumatra), as a comparative case review rather than a formal methodological synthesis. The six studies are read not to rank or judge which case is most successful, but to map two descriptive patterns along which customary authority appears to operate differently across the original studies' own reports: the source of leadership legitimacy and the form of restriction placed on commercialization. The article also raises one observation that should be read as a pattern worth testing further, not a proven finding: governance reporting depth varies sharply across the six source studies, and this unevenness may partly reflect each researcher's chosen theoretical framework rather than only a real difference in how institutionalized the studied communities actually are. The article concludes that the literature on adat-based cultural tourism in Indonesia would benefit from a minimal shared agreement on which governance elements future case studies should report, so that the framework-versus-institutional-reality question can be tested more directly with primary data.
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