Penguatan Perlindungan Hukum Pengguna Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) dalam Ekosistem Keuangan Digital Indonesia

Abstract

Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services expand access to financing in Indonesia but raise legal concerns regarding information transparency, standard-form contracts, personal data protection, and debt collection practices. This study examines legal protection for BNPL users and proposes measures to strengthen it. It employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, with legal materials collected through literature review and analyzed qualitatively using a prescriptive method. The findings indicate that although legal protection frameworks exist, their effectiveness remains limited in ensuring contractual transparency, data security, fair debt collection, and provider accountability. The gap between technological development and legal regulation further weakens consumer protection. This study proposes an integrated digital consumer protection model that combines contract law, consumer protection, personal data protection, financial sector governance, and algorithmic accountability through regulatory harmonization, stronger supervision, responsible lending, and improved digital legal and financial literacy.