INFIKS DALAM BAHASA JAWA KUNO DAN PENERAPANNYA

Abstract

This study examines infixes in Old Javanese by employing the simak method for data collection, the padan and agih methods for analysis, and both formal and informal methods for presentation. The theoretical framework applied in this research is morphophonology. The discussion reveals two types of infixes in Old Javanese, namely {-in-} and {-um-}. The infix {-in-} forms passive verbs, as in tinĕpak ‘to be struck’. Although there are other prefixes that also function to form passive constructions, they convey different meanings—for instance, the prefix {ka-}, which creates passive forms of adjectives. Consequently, the infix {-in-} is more productively used in texts, as it does not have an equivalent affix. Meanwhile, the infix {-um-} can be replaced by the prefixes {a-} or {ma-}, which share the same function as {-um-}, namely to form active verbs. The infix {-in-} is consistently inserted into the middle of the root word, whereas {-um-} may shift its status to that of a prefix, particularly when attached to roots beginning with bilabial consonants /p/, /b/, /m/, and /w/. This study also investigates why root words beginning with vowels do not undergo such a status shift, unlike those with bilabial initials. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of the [h] sound, which tends to be weak when occurring before vowel-initial words.