Sad Kerti as a Paradigm of Hindu Ecological Ethics: A Perspective of Environmental Philosophy

Abstract

The global ecological crisis, characterized by environmental degradation, climate change, and the overexploitation of natural resources, has revealed the limitations of anthropocentric ethical paradigms. This condition highlights the need for an ecological ethics framework rooted in religious values and local wisdom. One concept with such potential is Sad kerti in Hindu teachings. Although Sad kerti has been widely discussed as part of Balinese Hindu religious tradition, it has received limited scholarly attention as a paradigm of Hindu ecological ethics from the perspective of environmental philosophy. This study aims to reconstruct Sad kerti as a paradigm of Hindu ecological ethics through a dialogue with contemporary environmental philosophy. This research employed a qualitative library research approach. Data were collected from Hindu scriptures, lontar manuscripts, scholarly literature, and previous studies related to Sad kerti, ecological ethics, and environmental philosophy. Data were analyzed using content analysis supported by hermeneutic and philosophical-interpretative approaches. The findings indicate that Sad kerti embodies ecological ethical principles emphasizing the harmonious relationship among humans, nature, and God. The values of Atma kerti, Wana Kerti, Danu Kerti, Segara Kerti, Jana Kerti, and Jagat Kerti represent spiritual, moral, social, and ecological responsibilities in maintaining the balance of life. These values are consistent with the principles of ecocentrism and deep ecology, recognizing the intrinsic value of nature. This study concludes that Sad kerti can be reconstructed as a paradigm of Hindu ecological ethics that enriches environmental philosophy and provides a conceptual foundation for environmental conservation and sustainable development based on Hindu religious values.