Relasi Karma dan Samsara dalam Pandangan Manawa Dharmaçastra (Mengurai Phala Hasil Karma Kehidupan Pra-Kematian)

Abstract

Human life in the view of Hinduism is a form of samsara/suffering. Samsara is the implication of something called karma, so the two have a very close relationship. This article attempts to examine the relationship between karma and samsara in the view of the Manawa Dharmaçastra as one of the texts of Hindu law. In the process of writing this article, the author uses qualitative methods with a philosophical hermeneutic approach. Then to assist the process of analysis and data collection, the authors use the pattern of analysis by Miles and Huberman, namely from data collection, then data reduction, data display, and the last is to provide conclusions on the data that has been analyzed. The results of the study of this article conclude that the discourse on the relation of karma and samsara is a widely discussed discourse for the sake of the culmination of sraddha Hinduism. Karma is the cause of humans experiencing samsara and this is something that is certain and cannot be disputed as explained in the holy book of Manawa Dharmaçastra. Understanding the conception of karma must be based on a complete understanding of the concept of the tri guna. A conception that describes human nature namely sattva (virtue/wisdom), rajas (emotions/arrogance), and tamas (laziness). These qualities will bring humans into a state of samsara which is full of suffering. But not all of them bring suffering, one that can bring humans to the final goal, namely moksha, is sattva. If human nature or function is dominated by tamas (whether it is jaghanyā tāmasī, madhyamā tāmasī, or tamāso ṣuttamā), then one day he will be born as a low-level living being. Meanwhile for humans who are dominated by the nature or function of rajas (whether it be jaghanyā rājasī, madhyamā rājasī, or rajasī suttama), then later his birth will become a human or bhuta class with various conditions. Then the last one is a human whose nature or function is dominated by sattva (whether it is prathamā sāttwiki, dwitīya sāttwiki, or uttamāṃ sāttwikimetām), then later his birth will be in the conditions of the lives of the gods, the spirits serving the gods, and the highest is reaching Brahman consciousness is moksa.