Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi

Kajian Teologi pada Upacara Kematian di Bali:

Hari Harsananda — 2024-09-30

This paper discusses the theological dimensions of the Ngaben death ritual in Bali, focusing on the relationship between Hindu concepts of divinity as outlined in Tattwa texts and the implementation of death rituals. In Hindu theology, the understanding of Brahman, both in its Nirguna (without attributes) and Saguna (with attributes) forms, plays a significant role in shaping the spiritual goals of Balinese Hindus related to eschatology and the attainment of moksha. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological approach. Through an analysis of texts such as Yama Purana Tattwa and Wrhaspati Tattwa, this article examines the meaning and purpose of Ngaben as a ritual for purifying the soul and releasing material elements. This research finds that, although there is a hope for the unification of the soul with God (moksha), the practice of Ngaben is more focused on Bhakti and Karma Marga, which emphasize the existential duality between atman (individual soul) and Brahman, in accordance with the Dvaita Vedanta approach. This indicates a difference between the theological concept of union with God in moksha and its implementation in death rituals in Bali about the importance of the results or conclusions brief.

Wacana Tirta Selukat di Desa Adat Bayad

I Made Dwitayasa — 2024-09-30

Water is one of the means of offering. In Bali, until now, the worship of water is still very strong among the people. This is proven by the fact that there are still many holy places such as Tirta Empul, Mengening, and many other temples in Bali that have springs that are sacred to Hindus. However, not just any water can be used as an offering. To differentiate between ordinary water and holy water, several conditions are required, such as: place and purity. Ordinary water is water that is obtained from clean water places but is specifically used for prayer, such as the jun taneg water (ground water in temples/holy places) or specifically made in the temple area (utama mandala). This water is called toya anyar. Meanwhile, holy water, called ndenagn tirta, is water that has gone through a purification process either based on upacara/upakara or through a mantra process, meaning that the water has been asked before Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa so that it becomes tirta (holy water). One of the holy waters in Pakarman Bayad Village named Tirta Selukat. This holy water is located on a cliff surrounded by rice fields which is very sacred to the residents of Pakrman Bayad Village, as a means of purification during the Panca Yadnya ceremony

Padagingan dalam Teks Dewa Tatwa

I Wayan Putu Artha Wedha — 2024-09-30

Hinduism is such a complex religious teaching that has such a wide range of teachings to learn and will continue to grow with time. One that testifies to the rich teachings of Hinduism is the literary work of religious teachings that is the basis for the execution of every ceremony, behavior, and conduct of human life. One of the most published texts is the text of the god tattwa that contains the teaching of the mekiis ceremony, ngusaba nini, establishes a sanggar tawang, and padagingan at palinggih. The palinggih comes in various shapes to suit the purpose of its construction, but not all of the buildings constructed may be listed as the most palinggih. What might be called the most palinggih is the building that has gone through the sacred stage and given by the spirit into the building.

The text of the dewa tattwa is a text that refers to earlier texts of widhitattwa and candi narmada tattwa. It explains how important the blending of the most sophisticated building is. Where the aggregate is a symbol of spirit and an incredible entity that provides a positive vibrational. In practice it isa given material element that can serve as a medium for connecting humans to god.Padagingan is itself composed of components that are wholly meaningful as a symbol of realities that will be intertwined. These symbols are incorporated into a single entity which symbolizes so many manifestations of God that all come from one unthinkable. The symbol provides a basis for confidence in the people who hold such beliefs. The padagingan existence of an outside alloy as a means that brings positive vibrations as well as a medium to increase belief and firmness in carrying out religious teaching.

Ngurit:

Acyutananda Wayan Gaduh — 2024-09-30

Traditional Balinese agricultural practices are rooted in the life philosophy of the Hindu community, which emphasizes harmony between humans, nature, and spirituality, aligning with the Tri Hita Karana philosophy. The Subak, Bali's traditional agricultural organization, manages a farming system rich with agricultural rituals. Among these is the Ngurit ritual, a crucial part of the rice cultivation cycle, performed before the planting season to seek blessings from Dewi Śrī and Dewi Pṛthvī for a bountiful crop. Beyond tradition, Ngurit symbolizes respect for nature as a source of life. Amid modernization and global challenges such as climate change and shifts in younger generations' focus, traditional farming practices face significant pressures threatening their continuity. Through a holistic and regenerative approach, Ngurit also offers valuable perspectives on environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture. This article highlights the need to preserve the spiritual and ecological values embedded in traditional Balinese farming practices to ensure the well-being of Bali’s environment and the lives of future generations.

Soteriologi dalam Bhagavad Gītā

Ni Kadek Jelly — 2024-09-30

The Bhagavad Gītā, which is part of the Bhishmaparva and also part of the epic Mahabharata, is the most famous religious poem in Sanskrit literature. The Bhagavad Gītā was chosen as the object of research study because the Bhagavad Gītā emphasizes the knowledge of God Almighty, namely the teachings of salvation or soteriology which contains the ultimate goal of human life. The problem formulation found in this research is related to the form, function and meaning of soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā.

This research uses the theory of Hermeneutics. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with several stages, namely: determining the type of research, looking for data sources both primary and secondary data, determining research instruments, collecting data using literature study methods, document studies, observation methods, and online data search methods.

The forms of salvation teachings or soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā consist of Bhakti Marga Yoga, Karma Marga Yoga, Jnana Marga Yoga, and Raja Marga Yoga. The function of soteriological teachings in the Bhagavad Gītā is that it has two functions, namely a religious function and a social function. And the meaning of soteriology in the Bhagavad Gītā has the meaning of theology, namely God who is seen in the form of Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman. The meaning of Cosmology is that everything that exists comes from God and will be preserved and returned to God. And the meaning of liberation is that it can be achieved if you let go of all the results of worldly actions and ties and by practicing the spiritual path, namely yoga, focusing your mind on God.

Teologi Kebudayaan pada Relief Pura Dalêm Sangsit Desa Sangsit Kecamatan Sawan Kabupaten Buleleng

I Wayan Sunampan Putra — 2024-09-30

The purpose of this study is to study and analyze Pura Dalêm Kêlod Sangsit which has uniqueness in the form of symbols. Where in general Pura Dalêm is identical with scary things. However, Pura Dalêm Sangsit actually displays an erotic dimension. Departing from this gap, Pura Dalêm Kêlod Sangsit will be studied with cultural theology. The method used in this study is to use a qualitative research type with a cultural theology approach. The type of data is qualitative through the collection of observation data, interviews, and literature studies. Then analyzed using data analysis techniques. The results obtained are that Pura Dalêm Sangsit has a unique form of symbols that have erotic nuances, but erotic symbols as a cultural aspect not only have material aspects but also have spiritual and theological dimensions. So that there is a relationship between culture in the form of symbols with aspects of theology. From this, it can be concluded that the erotic symbols in Pura Dalêm Sangsit as a form of culture have theological meaning.

Peranan Paguyuban Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi (MGPSSR) dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Calon Diksita di Kota Denpasar

Mery Ambarnuari — 2024-09-30

This research explores the role of the Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi Association (MGPSSR) in efforts to improve the quality of Diksita candidates in Denpasar City. Based on the theories of Structuration and Structural Functionalism, this research examines the historical traces of the Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi, their role in developing prospective Hindu religious leaders, especially Diksita or sulinggih candidates who previously had to go through pinandita/pemangku or sarati banten training, and the impact that occurred due to their role. carried out by Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Saptra Rsi. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews using snowball sampling techniques. The findings show that Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi plays an important role in increasing the understanding of prospective diksita in the city of Denpasar regarding Hindu religious teachings as well as having an understanding and ability in practicing religious rituals. The significant impact that Diksita candidates can feel can be seen in the spiritual and intellectual qualities of Diksita candidates in Denpasar. MGPSSR's role in developing Diksita candidates not only improves individual spiritual qualities, but also has a wider impact on the Hindu community in Bali. Through the training program they manage, MGPSSR is able to produce quality religious leaders, who are able to lead people in various aspects of religious life. This program is also a model for other communities in Bali who want to improve the quality of prospective religious leaders in their communities.

Keywords: MGPSSR, Diksita, Paguyuban, Hindu Religion