TATTWA AS THE CORE OF HINDU THEOLOGY: A BRAHMA VIDYĀ PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This article examines the doctrine of Tattwa as the core of Hindu theology by positioning Tattwa Jñāna as the primary reference text within the framework of Brahma Vidyā. The study aims to reveal the meaning of Tattwa not merely as a metaphysical construct, but as a path of spiritual knowledge that guides human beings toward the realization of ultimate reality, namely the unity of Ātman and Brahman. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach and textual analysis, the discussion focuses on the ontological, cosmological, anthropological, ethical, eschatological, and soteriological dimensions of Tattwa as articulated in Tattwa Jñāna. The findings indicate that the doctrine of Tattwa views the world as a phenomenal and impermanent reality, human beings as a microcosm integrally connected to the universe, and worldly life as an arena for the formation of ethical and spiritual consciousness. The eschatological and soteriological dimensions in Tattwa Jñāna affirm that svarga and naraka are transitional states, whereas mokṣa constitutes the ultimate goal of liberation of the soul from saṁsāra. Accordingly, Tattwa Jñāna emphasizes true knowledge (jñāna), self-discipline, and dharmic awareness as the primary foundations in the process of liberation. This study concludes that, within the perspective of Hindu theology, Tattwa functions as a reflective guide that leads Hindu adherents toward an understanding of the meaning of life, ethical responsibility, and the attainment of spiritual freedom in the realization of Brahman.